The novels of Charles Dickens, Mark Twain, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Leo Tolstoy are all examples of a genre known as literary realism, which was a genre focused upon contemporary life, including the social consequences of middle-class materialism and the plight of the working class.

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the hundreds of small sculptures found at the site of Old Jenné?

A. the use of terra-cotta B. polished surfaces covered in red clay slip C. composite figures combining human and animal forms D. carved, engraved and painted surface decorations

Which statement about maternal emotional stress during pregnancy is true?

A) It is among the most harmful teratogens. B) Unlike prenatal malnutrition, it heightens an infant’s susceptibility to later illness. C) When the stress hormones epinephrine and cortisol are released into the mother’s bloodstream, the fetus is oversupplied with oxygen. D) It is related to diverse, long-term negative behavioral outcomes for babies