Which theory posits that your present experience and future goals are important determinants of personality?

People tend to judge as valid those conclusions for which they can construct a real-world model, and judge as invalid those for which they cannot. If your prior knowledge, attitudes,

or values distort your reasoning process by influencing you to accept invalid arguments, you have fallen victim to the ________ effect. FIll in the blank with correct word.

Tess is about to undergo a treatment called systematic desensitization. Which of these is a component of that treatment?

a) She will learn to associate relaxation with scenes related to her phobia. b) She will learn new methods of self-talk that she can use when confronting phobic stimuli. c) She will use visual imagery to guide her movements as she approaches a feared stimulus. d) She will learn to administer a small dose of an antianxiety drug in order to reduce her level of discomfort.