Among preschoolers, younger children's play is
A) more cognitively and socially mature in single-age classrooms than in mixed-aged classrooms.
B) more cognitively and socially mature in mixed-age classrooms than in single-age classrooms.
C) often characterized by competition and object assertion.
D) often immature and functional, particularly for boys.
B
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The difference between negative reinforcement and a punishment is that:
a. negative reinforcement decreases behavior through negative consequences, whereas punishment decreases behavior through painful consequences. b. negative reinforcement increases behavior whereas punishment decreases behavior. c. negative reinforcement involves increasing behavior through negative consequences, whereas punishment involves increasing behavior through positive consequences. d. negative reinforcement and punishment both decrease behavior, but accomplish it by different methods.
Several students who joined a book club are discussing how similar their personalities are to one another. They find that they share traits of conscientiousness and introversion. What would a psychologist say about these similarities?
A) They are all reporting personalities that make them seem similar, but are probably really quite different. B) People with certain personalities may choose particular environments, resulting in people who share an environment might also share some personality characteristics. C) These students may actually be related to one another. D) Going to book clubs often leads to conformity with other members of the club.