Which of the following factors affects the moisture output of an HME? I. tidal volume II. respiratory rate III. patient temperature IV. inspiratory time

A. I, II only
B. III, IV only
C. I, II, IV only
D. I, II, III, IV

?ANS: D
A. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
C. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
D. Correct response: As a patient's tidal volume increases, moisture output decreases. The amount of the output decrease depends on the efficiency of the device and its dead space. An increased respiratory rate decreases the moisture output of an HME. Increased temperature increases the moisture output. A decrease in the inspiratory time decreases the moisture output of an HME. Similarly, an increase in the expiratory flow caused by decreased lung compliance decreases the moisture output.

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