Identity based groups seek improved social status in order to gain ______.

The failure of the Equal Rights Amendment to win ratification left the adjudication of sex discrimination claims largely in the domain of the

a. Thirteenth Amendment. b. Fourteenth Amendment. c. Nineteenth Amendment. d. Twentieth Amendment.

In reviewing a properly challenged attempt by government to classify persons on the basis of race, the Supreme Court applies a standard of

a. strict scrutiny. b. heightened scrutiny. c. lowered scrutiny. d. subtle scrutiny.