According to the text, if a child experiences a high level of chronic and severe stress, that child is at risk for developing:

Roberta has been diagnosed as having avoidant personality disorder. She is timid, does not like to go to parties, and she is extremely anxious in most social situations. Why does Roberta feel this way?

a. She is actually disinterested in other people. b. She wants to be liked but is afraid of criticism. c. She is preoccupied with understanding social rules. d. She prefers to be the center of attention, and retreats from groups when that is not possible.

In a hybrid design, either cross-sectional or longitudinal data is collected from two different samples of children obtained at different times. Among other things, this type of design enables researchers to test for _________________

a. cohort effects b. age effects c. intervention effects d. whether cross-sectional designs are better than longitudinal designs