How does group membership—even in minimal groups—contribute to prejudice and discrimination?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: According to Henri Tajfel (1982a), group membership, even in minimal groups, often serves to help us enhance our self-esteem when we identify with other group members. An in-group bias often develops, even in minimal groups. We develop positive feelings for in-group members and are motivated to treat them well; we develop negative feelings toward out-group members, simply because they are not members of our group. Further, a cognitive bias known as out-group homogeneity often develops as function of group membership; we tend to view members of out -groups as more similar to one another than they really are, contributing to stereotypes. Thus, the in-group bias (positive evaluations of members of our own group, and negative evaluations of members of the other group) in combination with cognitive biases (perceptions of out-group homogeneity) set the stage for prejudice and discrimination.
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According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that internalizes moral standards of an individual's parents is the ______
Fill in the blank with correct word
Research on the genetic predisposition toward schizophrenia has indicated that ________
a. the risk of schizophrenia for the unaffected twin, when an identical twin has schizophrenia, is greatly reduced if the twins have been reared apart. b. among identical twins, when one twin develops schizophrenia the other twin has an 80 percent chance of developing schizophrenia. c. children with two schizophrenic parents have a 27 to 46 percent lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia, compared to a risk in the general population of about 1 percent. d. children with one schizophrenic parent have about the same risk of developing schizophrenia as do people in the general population.