A comparison of decisions rendered by district court judges appointed by recent presidents shows that judges appointed by President ____ had the lowest percentage of liberal decisions in civil liberties and rights cases.

When we talk about “the government” in terms of distinguishing parliamentary, presidential, and semi-presidential systems (e.g., when we say that the government depends on the legislative majority as well as the president in a mixed system) we mean ______.

A. the state B. all of the elected officials in a country C. the cabinet (made up of the prime minister and the other ministers) D. all of the constituents

What was the effect of more than a dozen states adopting a requirement that voters show a picture ID at the polls before the 2012 election?

A. It raised the cost of participation for poor and minority voters who are more likely not to possess driver's licenses or passports. B. It reduced the cost of participation for wealthy White voters who are more likely to have a driver's license or a passport. C. It did not really have an effect because equal numbers of Republican and Democratic states adopted these new rules so the effects canceled each other out. D. There was no effect on the cost-benefit calculation for voters because everyone has either a driver's license or a passport.