Where the South's population is generally a mixture of indigenous religions and Christianity, the North's population is primarily Islamic

Why do winning candidates claim a mandate even though political scientists generally discredit the mandate theory of elections?

a. Politicians think that political scientists do not understand how things actually work. b. Voters do not necessarily prefer all of the winning candidate's issue positions. c. Winning candidates want to justify their policy proposals by claiming that the public supports them. d. Winning candidates are not well versed in the political science literature.

Judges throughout the legal system very seldom base decisions on the doctrine of stare decisis

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.