Researchers have found evidence of cognitive dissonance in the form of postdecision dissonance in which of the following animals?

Vincent demonstrated post-traumatic play by

a) repeatedly drowning and rescuing a doll. b) using crayons to draw cuts and bruises on pictures of children. c) pushing toddlers. d) squeezing hamsters too hard.

Which is not a way to improve listening skills according to Burke?

a. Listen for the main thought or idea. b. Try to remember each fact or supporting point. c. Attempt to find the sender's frame of reference. d. Watch nonverbal cues.