According to your text, studies examining imitation have found that it is seen in all but which species of animal?

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which cause is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

a) learned behaviors of depression b) unusual levels of neurotransmitters c) negative interpretations of life events d) a superego that is too harsh and strict

The shaping of behavior is accomplished by:

a. reinforcing whenever possible. b. reinforcing only successive approximations of the final behavior desired. c. punishing any behaviors other than the desired final behavior. d. extinguishing competing behavior.