Sean focuses on avoiding being judged as less competent than others in his class. He is motivated to avoid doing poorly. This type of achievement motivation results in __________ goals

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?

a) Temperament and personality are the exact same thing. b) Personality, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's temperament is built. c) Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's personality is built. d) Temperament refers to negative personal characteristics, whereas personality refers to positive personal characteristics.

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is an example of _____

a) consolidation failure. b) prospective forgetting. c) retrieval failure. d) encoding failure.