If an investigator engages in observational research that involves monitoring behavior exactly as it occurs in a lab setting prior to the development of research hypotheses, that investigator is conducting

After the age of 65, ________ are more likely to be associated with the onset of bipolar disorder.

a. genetic factors b. prescription drug addictions c. medical illnesses d. environmental stressors

A test asking questions about sexual orientation or belief in God might be illegal due to:

a. invasion of privacy b. adverse impact c. tort law d. low reliability