What do economists call the study of situations in which people act in ways that do not appear to be economically rational?

The evidence on mergers occurring within the hospital industry suggests that

A) efficiency gains that resulted have been passed on to customers through lower prices. B) the mergers have tended to not have any significant effect on hospital prices. C) prices have risen slightly as some efficiency gains are passed on to customers after mergers. D) prices have risen after mergers.

Specialization of labor means that: a. production requires a special kind of labor

b. the overall skill level of labor is increasing over time. c. individuals produce goods that they are relatively good at producing and trade for those that they do not produce. d. individuals achieve self-sufficiency in production by producing all the goods that they require. e. exchange within the economy consists of trading in services.