Councils of governments (COGs) have the power to enforce decisions among member governments

Which of the following best illustrates the power of framing?

a. State A deliberately misleads State B into believing State C poses a threat. b. During a war, State A portrays itself as acting only in self-defense when, in fact, it provoked State B to attack it. c. During negotiations with State B, State A deliberately leaves certain possibilities off the table. d. During a ceasefire, State A provokes State B into resuming hostilities.

The nineteenth-century civil rights acts were important because they __________.

A. established that Congress could not legislate directly against individuals in violation of others' constitutional rights B. affirmed the belief that congressional power applied to official or government action or to private action C. were not significant to the civil rights struggles of the 1960s D. introduced the legal consequence that if the federal government did not secure rights, the state governments could E. became effective immediately despite customary delays in implementation