Why is it difficult to show unambiguous causal attribution when using a single-message experimental design?

What will be an ideal response?

Because when one variable is change, it will inevitably change other things about the message.

Communication & Mass Media

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What is token resistance?

A. when someone agrees to sexual activity B. when someone says no to sexual activity C. when someone fakes resistance to a sexual overture D. when someone flirts

Communication & Mass Media

Ben noticed that quite a few of his fraternity brothers were wearing white ribbons around campus right before and after Thanksgiving. What do these ribbons probably represent? a. A movement to end men's violence against women

b. A movement to raise awareness of negative stereotypes of men in the media. c. A movement to end discrimination against fathers. d. A movement to encourage healthy lifestyles among men. e. A movement to discourage homophobic attitudes on campuses.

Communication & Mass Media