When the Federal Reserve calls in a discount loan from a bank, the monetary base ________ and reserves ________

The free rider problem is a situation in which

(a) effluents such as CFCs combine with ozone and decrease concentrations of that protective chemical. (b) one agent secures benefits that others pay for. (c) there are excessive subsidies given to polluting buses or other forms of mass transit. (d) perfect property rights exist.

The purchase of VCU2 by Tomas Tiergarten, a private resident, causes the nation's:

a. Monetary base to fall. b. M2 money supply to fall. c. M2 money multiplier to fall. d. Monetary base to remain the same.