During which of Piaget's stages does the child learn to manipulate ideas, concrete objects, or events, as well as to use abstract ideas and hypothetical situations in solving problems?

Which of these is an example of a pleasant conditioned response (CR)?

a) the sight of your favorite food b) the sound of your favorite song c) blinking when a fly passes in front of your face d) a warm feeling when you hear your favorite song

After reviewing the evidence on the consequences of spanking, what is a psychologist likely to conclude is the best summary of the available evidence?

a) Spanked children do not differ from those who were never spanked. b) Effective spanking seems to keep children in line, and they grow up to be model adults. c) Spanking tends to worsen problems among children who have a history of mental illness. d) Children who are spanked are more likely to grow up to exhibit higher levels of delinquency and antisocial behavior.