Which of the following has been the MOST DIFFICULT for health psychologists to demonstrate for adolescents?
A) that smoking is correlated with watching movie stars smoke
B) that watching movie stars smoke causes adolescents to smoke
C) that adolescents who smoke identify with movie stars who smoke
D) that adolescents who smoke are exposed to more smoking in movies
Answer: B
Rationale: Researchers have found correlations between watching movie stars smoke and smoking, but demonstrating a clear cause and effect relationship is difficult because of research design limitations.
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When driving at night, it is more difficult to see if the driver of an oncoming car does not
dim the high beams because a. bright light directed at the fovea reduces visual acuity. b. the number of intact rods is reduced in the dark. c. bright light bleaches the molecules of photopigments faster than regeneration can occur. d. there are too many intact rhodopsin molecules, so the eyes do not respond immediately to bright light. e. the difference between regular and high beam lights is almost twice the jnd for brightness.
Selective abstraction is __________.
A. a tendency to think in extremes B. a tendency to jump to conclusions based on little or no evidence C. part of Beck's cognitive triad D. a tendency to focus on one negative detail of a situation while ignoring other aspects