Explain how to improve downward, upward, and horizontal communication.
What will be an ideal response?
Actively manage communications in all directions. Engage in two-way communication more than one-way. Make information available to others.
Useful approaches to downward communication include coaching, special communications during difficult periods, and open-book management.
You should also both help and motivate people to communicate upward.
Many mechanisms exist for enhancing horizontal communications.
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How are music and history intertwined in Mandinka society?
a. Music is used to chronicle the migrations of their ancestors. b. Social class is determined by family history, and these histories are entrusted to a singer called a jali. c. Every member of the society is expected to memorize the oral history of the Mandinka, which is preserved musically. d. The spoken Mandinka language has no past tense; only their sung language includes a past tense.
Free jazz was associated, in part, with the civil rights movement and the quest to eliminate any European elements in jazz.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)