Venlafaxine appears to initiate its effects by inhibiting the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine, particularly at higher doses

In which of the following situations would you be most likely to rely heavily on top-down perceptual processing to correctly perceive the situation?

a. ?when working a jigsaw puzzle depicting three kittens in a basket b. ?when seeing an object that is completely unlike anything you have seen before c. ?when viewing an untitled, abstract sculpture in a museum d. ?when listening to a new piece of instrumental, abstract jazz

The fractional anticipatory response mechanism may be relevant in explaining which of the following?

a. the cognitive aspects of behavior b. how incentive motivation develops c. why certain behaviors persist once they have begun d. how goals are developed