________ is a disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to choke, gasp, and momentarily awaken

Steven Hawkings is a theoretical physicist who is confined to

a wheelchair due to Lou Gehrig's disease and must "speak" by controlling a speech synthesizer through cheek movements. Even with this disability, Dr. Hawkings is able to continue to advance our understanding of the universe, which illustrates how our thinking abilities a. are innate. b. would not be realized without learning being a continual process. c. are less important than our motivation to succeed. d. make us adaptable to situations.

The use of punishment can be quite seductive in that it often results in a(n):

A) ?immediate negative reinforcer. B) ?delayed negative reinforcer. C) ?immediate positive reinforcer. D) ?delayed positive reinforcer.