When an organization knows all the standard demographic information about its publics, it is considered to be "audience focused."

Billi is addressing a diverse gathering in her hometown of San Diego who have met

to discuss the merits of a neighborhood watch program. She insists that her listeners all keep a loaded gun in their home and know how to use it, adding, "It is your responsibility to your family, yourself, and your community to fight crime when it rears its ugly head. Anything less is pure negligence on your part with a dose of cowardice thrown in!" In terms of her ethical obligation to her listeners, how would we evaluate Billi's appeal? A) It is good—as well as often productive—to offend, especially a captive audience. B) Billi recognizes that the truth hurts sometimes but still must be spoken and heard. C) Billi is justified; she has employed the means necessary to arouse great passion. D) Some listeners will likely view her remarks as tasteless and of poor judgment.

The second paragraph of an expanded pyramid story is also called ______.

A. the trail B. the jump C. the bridge D. the cliff