A graduate student is reading dozens of studies examining the effect of external rewards on intrinsic motivation. For each study, she considers the quality of its methods and the implications of its results for a broad theory of motivation. The graduate student is engaged in _____ thinking.

Morphine and heroin are

A) amphetamines B) opiates C) hallucinogens D) barbiturates

Which statement below is true of the vulnerability model?

a. We inherit dispositions, not destinies. b. This model has been applied to disorders such as schizophrenia. c. The model shows how nature and nurture interact to produce a characteristic or disorder. d. All of the above