Discuss the effect Islam had on Byzantine art, particularly in regard to iconoclasm.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
- Leo III rose to power during the second Muslim siege of Constantinople, and understood the Muslims' success to be derived from their position of barring religious imagery.
- The Church, under the leadership of Leo III, emphasized Judaic law against "graven images" (Exodus 20:4-5), to justify the action of destroying religious images.
- The act of breaking of idols, literally the destruction of religious images, is called "iconoclasm" from the Greek eikon ("image") and klao (to "break").
- Iconophiles, however, defended the use of religious imagery.
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The Ming designed Beijing as which of the following?
a. Three separate cities
b. Three squares connected by canals
c. A wheel with the Forbidden City as the hub
d. Three nested walled cities
A strongly realistic style with a preference for portraits of the elderly is most typical of which of the following periods?
A. Republican Rome B. Hellenistic period C. art under Augustus Caesar D. art under Constantine