In terms of marketing expenditures, service companies tend to spend more on which of the following than manufacturers?

Nolan works for a food processing company that has an annual sales of $200 million. He heads the IT department in his organization

Given that Nolan's organization is midsized, which of the following statements is most likely to be true of the effect of enterprise resource planning (ERP) on his department's staff?A) His staff is often isolated from senior management. B) ERP implementation in his organization will be part of a strategic process and, once begun, will have the full backing of the entire executive group. C) Specialists in his department are spread very thin and often are in over their heads during an ERP implementation. D) His organization employs only one or two IT specialists.

Referring to Figure 2.1, the relative cost of steel in terms of aluminum is

a. 4.0 tons.
b. 2.0 tons.
c. 0.5 tons.
d. 0.25 tons.