Advanced topic: The proportionate reduction in error is the sum of squared error when predicting from the mean minus the sum of squared error when predicting using the __________

The wear and tear theories of aging argue that the body constantly manufactures energy and creates ___________, which eventually reach such high levels that they impair the body's normal functioning

a) byproducts b) radiations c) diseases d) toxins

In behavior modification, an event that alters the value of a stimulus as a reinforcer is referred to as a (an):

a. extinction burst b. three-term contingency c. discriminative stimulus d. motivating operation