Variation due to the inherent variability in a system of operation is called

Which of the following statements is true regarding implicit-rule cultures?

a. Expectations are clearly stated. b. A person from outside the culture can easily understand the rules of the context. c. Such cultures are often more intolerant of deviation from the rules. d. The guidelines and agenda for a meeting are announced prior to the gathering as people are generally unaware of the role each member plays. e. Rules are often understood and communicated nonverbally.

Unrealized losses on investments

a. as a component of operating income b. as a non-operating income item (other income or expense) c. as a discontinued operation d. as an item of other comprehensive income