A violation of civil law is called ______.

Which of the following was the primary reason behind the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

a. Defense of Western Europe against Soviet attack b. Promotion of economic growth in North America and Western Europe c. Defense against the remilitarization of Germany d. Improvement of healthcare in developing countries e. Monitoring of seismic activity on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean

What year marked the first presidential election when the precursors to the modern Democratic and Republican parties faced off for office?

a. 1856 b. 1822 c. 1874 d. 1900 e. 1800