Researchers have found all of the following evidence that infants 9 to 11 months of age and older can sort objects based on conceptual categories, except_________________
a. as they play with objects, they spontaneously group objects they are playing with into categories based on type of object (animal, vehicle, furniture) or color
b. the responded to birds and airplanes that looked similar as if they belonged in different categories, unlike younger children
c. they could use objects appropriately based on their category (such as giving a drink to a toy rabbit and using a key on a toy truck, but not vice versa)
d. verbally labeling objects with a category name leads 9- to 11-month-olds to treat them as belonging to a different category than objects that are verbally labeled with a different category name
Answer: A
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An instructor asks one of his students to look up AIDS in a medical textbook. To obtain the needed information, the student should read sections on the __________ system
a. immune b. nervous c. respiratory d. circulatory
Which of the following students' statements best summarizes the research on the belief-bias effect?
a. Petra: "The belief-bias effect shows us how top-down processing influences logical reasoning; we should emphasize the actual information in the reasoning problem." b. Chris: "The belief-bias effect illustrates how people systematically keep trying to confirm a hypothesis, rather than trying to disconfirm it." c. Josh: "According to the belief-bias effect, people systematically prefer a conclusion that is stated in the positive form, rather than a conclusion that uses the word not." d. Cynthia: "The belief-bias effect shows us that people draw conclusions in logical reasoning on the basis of how frequently their prior beliefs come to mind."