What impact did European colonialism of the 18th and 19th centuries, extending well into the twentieth century have on Arab music?
What will be an ideal response?
• ". . . tradition was left on its own, to wax and wane according to circumstance."
• Europeans studied and documented Arab musical practices (e.g., Napoleon Bonaparte sent a team of researchers to Egypt, among them M. Villoteau who included plates of musical instruments and an account of musical life there in his Description de L'Egypt [1823].)
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When a director gives an actor a note at the end of a run-through, the actor is expected to implement that change in the next run-through
a. true b. false
Guillaume de Machaut's "Messe de Nostre Dame" is
a. a plainchant setting of the central Christian liturgical service. b. the first polyphonic setting of the Mass Ordinary by a single composer. c. a song celebrating the wedding feast at Cana in the New Testament. d. an example of non-liturgical texts being included in a Christian liturgical service.