Which of the following could not represent a participant variable?

Which of the following is true with regard to defense mechanisms?

a) Studies of Asian Buddhists living in Thailand show that they use entirely different defense mechanisms from those used by Americans. b) The component of the psyche from which defense mechanisms develop is the id. c) Individuals are consciously aware of almost all of the defense mechanisms they develop. d) Defense mechanisms help the individual cope with anxiety.

Dr. Khan has been on call at St. Joseph's emergency room for

the past thirty-six hours. What area in Dr. Khan's brain will likely have increased activity levels to try to compensate for his sleep-deprived state? a) parietal lobe b) temporal lobe c) occipital lobe d) caudate nucleus