The definition of spam is "unsolicited commercial e-mail."

The lack of information sharing between the retailer and manufacturer

A) improves supply chain coordination. B) minimizes the fluctuation in manufacturer orders. C) leads to a large fluctuation in manufacturer orders. D) leads to smaller fluctuations in suppliers' orders.

Which of the following situations is an example of country risk?

A) Fiesta Corp. is an automobile manufacturer based in the U.S. The company's negotiation attempts with China to open a manufacturing factory in Beijing failed owing to cultural differences.
B) Frostees Inc. is a food and beverages company based in the U.S. Its attempt to set up an outlet in Thailand failed primarily owing to a misinterpretation of the memorandum of understanding by a potential business partner in Thailand.
C) Alpha Corp., a rice manufacturer based in Pakistan, suffered losses when the U.S. Department of Commerce decided to impose tariffs on the import of paddy rice to avoid competition for the domestic industry.
D) Tamiaz LLC is a U.S. based manufacturer of clothing with outlets in China, Vietnam, and India. The company incurred a loss due to delayed payments from India owing to fluctuations in the currency exchange rates.