Four-year-old Michelle talks to herself frequently. She does this especially when she is trying to solve a difficult problem. Lev Vygotsky would say that Michelle is
A. engaging in scaffolding.
B. likely to be socially competent.
C. functioning at the upper limit of her zone of proximal development (ZPD).
D. engaging in egocentric and immature thinking.
Answer: B
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You watch LeShon wave his 4th of July sparkler as he runs. As you watch the light, you notice a circle of light rather than just a single point of light. This effect demonstrates the functioning of your
A) echoic memory. B) flashbulb memory. C) iconic memory. D) short-term memory.
One reason that public policies safeguarding children are slow to emerge in the United States is because
A) such government policies have failed in other Western countries. B) social programs are rarely cost-effective. C) children cannot vote or speak out to protect their own interests. D) the United States already ranks at the top on key measures of children's health and well-being.