List three controls that could be applied to detect or prevent off-by-one errors

What will be an ideal response?

Examples
of
controls:
(a)
program
development
controls,
in
which
the
code
of
a
program
is
rigorously
scrutinized
for
improper
behavior;
(b)
rigorous
testing
of
edgecases
that
would
reveal
such
errors,
and
(c)
through
use
of
a
proof-­?of-­?program
correctness.