The stock of high-powered money in the economy is $80 billion. The bank reserve-holding ratio is 0.12 and the public wishes to hold 10% of its deposits as cash. The money supply will be approximately
A) $363 billion assuming the 80 billion of high-powered money is held by banks.
B) $400 billion assuming the 80 billion of high-powered money is held by the Fed or in bank vaults.
C) $327 billion assuming the 80 billion of high-powered money is not held by the Fed or in bank vaults.
D) $425 billion assuming the 80 billion of high-powered money is held by banks.
B
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Fed policies since the mid-1980s have been intended to
A) steepen the growth path of natural real GDP. B) taper down the growth rate of actual real GDP as it approaches natural real GDP. C) accelerate the growth rate of natural real GDP whenever actual real GDP exceeds it. D) use the "runway" of natural real GDP as a springboard to faster growth.
Assume a certain competitive price-taker firm is producing Q = 1,000 units of output. At Q = 1,000 . the firm's marginal cost equals $15 and its average total cost equals $11 . The firm sells its output for $12 per unit. To maximize its profit, the firm should
a. increase its output. b. continue to produce 1,000 units. c. decrease its output, but continue to produce. d. shut down.