Angie cuts herself when she gets distressed. She has attempted suicide twice this year. She loves people one day and hates them the next. Despite this pattern, she can't tolerate being left alone

What did the psychodynamic paradigm identify as the cause of abnormal behavior?

A. the pleasure principle B. the id, superego, and ego C. unconscious mental conflicts D. hysteria

Vygotsky's critics have raised concerns about

A) his emphasis on attention, encoding, and memory does not provide a comprehensive view of cognitive development. B) Vygotsky's stage approach to cognitive development has not been supported by research suggesting that cognitive development is best characterized as a continuous process. C) concepts, such as assimilation and accommodation, which are vague and difficult to test experimentally. D) concepts, such as the Zone of Proximal Development, which are vague and are difficult to test experimentally.