Ideas constructed by researchers on the basis of observed events are called

The independent samples t test discussed in the text is used to determine whether

a. the experimenter administered different treatments. b. the difference between two group means is statistically significant. c. the control group performed as expected. d. the participants were randomly selected from their respective populations.

Identify and describe three factors which influence the environment of U.S. public policymaking. Explain the effect of these environmental factors.

What will be an ideal response?