Arrests without a(n)____ occur when a crime is committed in the presence of a police officer or when an officer has probable cause to believe that someone has committed (or is about to commit)

In the American presidential system, Congress possesses the ability to increase the powers of the executive branch in extreme cases where the nation's safety is at risk

Indicate whether this statement is true or false.

The use of litigation for interest groups is

a. relatively rare because the multiple access points means that there is always a way to influence elected officials. b. the most effective strategy for securing long-term changes in existing policies. c. especially attractive to groups that can rest claims on constitutional rights. d. the dominant strategy for groups with few resources since the court system can be accessed at low cost.