Sixteen-month-old Grayson calls all dogs "dog," but only uses the word "puppy" to refer to his family's dog. This is an example of

Research with animal subjects

a. is on the decline because computer simulations of animal nervous systems are so accurate, compelling, and useful. b. has been largely replaced by the use of tissue cultures. c. has been shown to have only limited value to understanding human problems. d. has yielded valuable discoveries that have benefited our species. e. is increasing because of the ease of availability of experimental animals.

Why are affectively based attitudes so resistant to logical persuasive attempts to change them? Affectively based attitudes are

a. often linked to values, which are difficult to change. b. governed by knowledge of the issues. c. the result of the same illogical source. d. acquired by automatic processes.