A toothpaste manufacturer that bands two products together, selling two for the price of one, is using which type of consumer promotion tool to build short-term sales?

The costs of quality ________

A) are the costs incurred to enhance large scale production B) are the costs incurred to prevent the production of a low quality product C) are costs incurred to company due to defective and low quality product D) include warranty costs, costs of normal spoilage, costs of abnormal spoilage, and scrap costs

Irrelevant costs are costs that are

a. different among alternatives. b. avoidable costs. c. opportunity costs. d. sunk costs.