In which stage of cognitive development does a child use symbols to think and communicate?

Geraldine is taking a psychology test. She reads a multiple-choice question and realizes she doesn't know the answer. Since she doesn't know the correct answer, she decides to at least eliminate the incorrect answers. Her tactic is an example of ______

a. means-end analysis c. creating subgoals b. hill-climbing d. working backward

The variable that is the outcome the researcher is interested in studying is called the __________ variable

a. confounding b. independent c. dependent d. random