Today, compared to the number of countries around the world that allow it, almost three times as many countries have eliminated which of the following punishments for crime?

Which of the following emphasizes the obligation of citizens to act virtuously in pursuit of the common good?

A) liberalism D) social contract theory B) multiculturalism E) civic republicanism C) equality of condition

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. “The state of nature” describes situations in which there is no state. 2. Individuals enjoy civil rights in the state of nature. 3. The predatory view of the state holds that states that exercise an effective control over the use of violence are in a position to threaten the security of citizens, and thereby exploit them. 4. According to Tilly, the political geography of modern Europe (that is, the development of states) was essentially an unintended consequence of the strategies employed by lords and kings to keep a grasp on power. 5. According to the discussion of the contractarian view of the state in Chapter 4, in order for a state (civil society) to emerge from an initial “state of nature” situation, it must be the case that the state (a) is willing to impose sufficiently high punishments to deter individuals from engaging in antisocial behavior and (b) is also willing to refrain from taxing its citizens excessively.