How might domestic or international crises affect presidential politics?

a. Crises lead to drops in presidential approval ratings, making passage of their agendas more difficult.
b. Crises make presidents more politically cautious.
c. Crises tend to temporarily increase presidential approval ratings, providing windows of opportunity to press for action on their agendas.
d. Crises permanently increase presidential approval ratings, guaranteeing reelection.

Answer: c