The expectations within a society about how males and females are supposed to be are known as

Linda's 3-month-old infant keeps saying "ga-ga" and "doh-doh." Should she be worried?

A) Yes; parents should not encourage nonsense language in their infants, because it can lead to language problems later on. B) Maybe; her 3-month-old should be saying at least a couple of words by now. C) No; this behavior is called babbling and it is normal for infants. D) No, although the infant should start to string these syllables together to form words in the next month or two.

What is the significance of Joseph LeDoux's discovery of the two routes a tone follows in the brain of a rat?

a) Emotions cannot be altered by higher brain centers because they are primitive responses. b) The same emotions are identified across cultures because they are programmed in the brain. c) The neural system is like the structure of an airliner, it has identical and redundant components. d) The difference in speed of the two circuits means we may respond to a fear-arousing stimulus before we have made a complete evaluation.