Which of the following children is most likely to define the "self" in terms of group membership?

Why is it generally easier to extinguish behaviors that have been reinforced on fixed rather than variable schedules of reinforcement?

a) Extinction is built into fixed schedules. b) Reinforcement on fixed schedules is predictable, so it is easier to determine when it has stopped. c) Fixed schedules tend to lead to high rates of behavior, which over time are tiring to participants. d) Low rates of behavior occurring in fixed schedules mean that the rate of behavior is so close to extinction that all it needs is a little push.

An expert on media violence has been asked to testify before Congress. What is she likely to say concerning violence on television?

a) Television violence is sanitized, so there is little blood, gore, or pain. b) The violence on television is not different than the reports of violence that we see and hear on television. c) Most children nowadays are accustomed to dealing with fantasy via various forms of media and understand the concept and content of media violence. d) The message tends to work two ways – it can increase violence or it can decrease violence because of the graphic nature of much of the television violence.