Rather than operating under the literal "rule by the people," democratic countries have adopted

How do private banks ensure the profitability of their loans to poor countries,

who might default on their repayments? a) Banks receive compensation from the IMF for any default on international development loans. b) They compete with other banks in offering the lowest interest rates, thus spreading their risk widely. c) The lower the chance of repayment, the higher the interest rate the bank will charge. d) All of the above

In the United States, federal judges affect policymaking primarily by _____

a. mirroring public opinion b. amending the constitution c. ruling on the constitutionality of government actions d. impeaching members of the executive and legislative branches