Operant conditioning is most closely associated with ________________
A) John Watson
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) B. F. Skinner
D) John Garcia
Answer: C
Rationale: B. F. Skinner is famous for his work on operant conditioning. The other researchers listed are all better known for their contributions to classical conditioning.
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The basic philosophical issue of optimism versus pessimism that personality theorists consider centers on whether
a) people can change their personalities over time. b) human nature is fundamentally good or bad. c) hope is an essential feature of psychotherapy. d) personality theories can adequately explain or predict human behavior.
What happens when a particular person disconfirms a stereotype?
a) he/she is ignored b) he/she helps to reduce the viewer's stereotypes c) he/she helps to confirm the viewer's stereotypes d) he/she is "fenced off" and placed in a subtype that perpetuates the stereotype