Which of the following best describes a situation in which the main interest groups form independently of state action and force the state to accept them in the policy-making process giving them greater autonomy from state control?

When legislative districts have unequal populations it is known as ________

A. logrolling B. gatekeeping C. malapportionment D. redistricting E. gerrymandering

Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was installed with absolute power in 1953

a. by referendum. b. after a protracted civil war. c. by his father, Reza Shah, before his abdication. d. after a vote by the Majles. e. by army officers with financial backing from the United States and Britain.