Keith often hears voices that tell him that he is a very bad person. Although he strains and struggles to "hear" where these voices are coming from, there are in fact no voices to hear. They are originating inside of his mind, and he experiences them as a

Operant conditioning is similar to the principle of natural selection in that an individual's behaviors that are _____ tend to increase in frequency, while behaviors that are _______ tend to decrease in frequency.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Karen cries while saying to her boyfriend, "John, I don't feel as though you love me." John gives Karen a big hug saying, "That's not true, dear, I love you very much." If John's hug is a reinforcer, Karen is _______ likely to cry the next time she feels insecure about her relationship. More specifically, this is an example of ________ reinforcement of Karen's crying behavior.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).